هدایت سرمایهگذاری در صنایع پتروپالایشگاهی ایران: طراحی یک الگوی مطلوب با رویکرد بنچمارکینگ تطبیقی با کاربست نظری پتروپالایشگاه شهید سلیمانی
اقتصاد ایران با پارادوکس ساختاری اتکای تاریخی بر منابع هیدروکربنی و همزمان، مواجهه با «معضل کارایی تخصیص سرمایه» روبروست. این چالش در صنعت سرمایهبر و راهبردی پتروپالایشگاهی، به عنوان گلوگاه اصلی خلق ارزش و تحقق اهداف اقتصاد مقاومتی، ابعادی حیاتی مییابد. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، گذار از تحلیلهای توصیفی و آسیبشناسانه صرف و طراحی یک الگوی عملیاتی و یکپارچه برای هدایت هوشمندانه سرمایهگذاری در این صنعت است.این پژوهش از یک روششناسی کیفی سهمرحلهای مبتنی بر چارچوب نظری «انتقال سیاست» بهره میبرد. در مرحله نخست، با مطالعه تطبیقی (بنچمارکینگ) تجارب ۹ کشور منتخب در سه گروه تحلیلی (منابعمحور، توسعهگرا، بازارمحور) و با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمون، یک «جعبه ابزار تحلیلی» از اهرمهای سیاستی موفق جهانی استخراج شد. در مرحله دوم، با تحلیل زمینه ایران و از طریق مصاحبه با نخبگان، چهار «فیلتر انطباق» بومی (اعتبار حاکمیتی، امنیت منابع، تابآوری ژئوپلیتیکی، و رقابتپذیری پایدار) تدوین و با روش دلفی اعتبارسنجی گردید. در مرحله نهایی، با بهکارگیری یک «مدل امتیازدهی وزنی خبرگانی»، ابزارهای جهانی از فیلترهای بومی عبور داده شده و کارآمدترین آنها برای تدوین الگو گزینش شدند.ارزیابی خبرگانی نشان داد که مدلهای سرمایهگذاری فعلی در ایران، به دلیل ناتوانی در پوشش ریسکهای بنیادین (بهویژه در حوزههای حاکمیتی و امنیت خوراک)، از کارایی لازم برخوردار نیستند. در مقابل، الگوی مطلوب استخراجشده از این پژوهش، یک چارچوب جامع و یکپارچه پنجمحوره است که بر 1) رژیم امنیت خوراک مبتنی بر قراردادهای بلندمدت، 2)ساختار حاکمیتی یکپارچه با تأسیس شرکت پروژه مستقل (SPV)، 3)چارچوب تأمین مالی درونزا با اتکا بر بازار سرمایه و صندوق توسعه ملی، 4) توسعه خوشهای در قالب پارکهای صنعتی، و 5)راهبرد توسعه فناوری بومی استوار است.یافتهها نشان میدهد که کلید موفقیت در جذب و هدایت سرمایه، حرکت از مدل «تشویقی» کوتاهمدت (مبتنی بر تخفیف و معافیت) به سمت یک مدل «توانمندساز و مبتنی بر حذف ریشهای ریسک» است. الگوی پیشنهادی با تمرکز بر ایجاد ثبات قراردادی، یکپارچگی مدیریتی و شفافیت مالی، محیطی را فراهم میآورد که در آن، سرمایهگذاری نه یک قمار پرمخاطره، بلکه یک فعالیت اقتصادی قابل پیشبینی و سودآور باشد.
امکانسنجی مدیریت ریسک نکول ناشی از کژمنشی در عقود مبادلهای در شرایط اطلاعات نامتقارن با بهرهگیری از فناوری وب ۳
این پژوهش به بررسی امکانسنجی مدیریت ریسک نکول ناشی از کژمنشی در عقود مبادلهای اسلامی در شرایط اطلاعات نامتقارن میپردازد و نقش فناوری وب۳ را در کاهش این ریسک تحلیل میکند. با توجه به اهمیت فزاینده عقود مبادلهای در نظام بانکی ایران و چالشهای ناشی از رفتار فرصتطلبانه مشتریان، این مطالعه درصدد است چارچوبی تلفیقی برای مهار کژمنشی ارائه دهد. روش تحقیق بهصورت آمیخته طراحی شده است؛ در مرحله نخست، از تکنیک دلفی و نظر خبرگان بانکی و دانشگاهی برای شناسایی سازهها و شاخصهای کلیدی استفاده شد. در مرحله دوم، برای آزمون مدل مفهومی، از مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری با رویکرد حداقل مربعات جزئی (PLS-SEM) بهره گرفته شد. پایایی و روایی سازهها با معیارهایی چون آلفای کرونباخ، پایایی ترکیبی و میانگین واریانس استخراجشده (AVE) مورد تأیید قرار گرفت.
نتایج نشان میدهد که اطلاعات نامتقارن بهطور مستقیم کژمنشی را تشدید کرده و در نهایت منجر به افزایش ریسک نکول در عقود مبادلهای میشود. در مقابل، فناوری وب۳ هم اثر مستقیم کاهنده بر ریسک نکول دارد و هم روابط میان کژمنشی، اطلاعات نامتقارن و نکول را بهطور معناداری تعدیل میکند. این یافتهها حاکی از آن است که استفاده از قراردادهای هوشمند، زنجیرهبلوکی و مکانیزمهای نظارتی مبتنی بر وب۳ میتواند شفافیت و اعتماد متقابل را افزایش داده و از سوءاستفادههای پساعقدی جلوگیری نماید.
نوآوری پژوهش در پیوند نظریه نمایندگی و اقتصاد اطلاعات با ظرفیتهای وب۳ نهفته است. همچنین، پیشنهادهای اجرایی همچون توسعه پلتفرمهای قرارداد هوشمند، اشتراکگذاری امن دادههای اعتباری و پایش برخط تخصیص منابع، میتواند بهعنوان راهکارهای عملی برای مدیریت ریسک نکول در نظام بانکی اسلامی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
Divorce and its impact on economic growth in MENA countries
Abstract
Divorce, as an expanding social phenomenon, not only has profound consequences for the structure and cohesion of the family institution but also can significantly impact macroeconomic variables, including economic growth. In recent decades, this phenomenon has been steadily rising, especially in developing countries such as those in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This study empirically investigates the impact of the divorce rate on economic growth across selected MENA countries for the period 2000 to 2023. Employing a panel data regression analysis, this study examines the linkages between these variables based on an econometric model inspired by the framework of Paweł Jarankowski and Jan Żak Zdaoutinger (2017). The model's findings indicate that a higher divorce rate has a significant negative effect on economic growth. In contrast, increases in physical investment and the labor force participation rate exert a positive and significant effect on the economic growth of the studied countries. These results highlight the growing importance of addressing the broader macroeconomic consequences of divorce and underscore the need for developing effective social and economic policies to mitigate its adverse impacts and support sustainable economic growth.
The Role of Banks in Financing Business Enterprises (Case Study: Kish Island)
This study examines the role and significance of banks in financing business enterprises, which influences investment growth through debt financing (loans). Data were collected through interviews based on a researcher-designed questionnaire administered to 150 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) on Kish Island. Subsequently, using a linear regression econometric model, key factors affecting investment growth financed by debt were identified. The statistical analysis tool applied was STATA software. The findings of this research indicate that there is a reciprocal correlation between firm age, size, business plan, the three sectors of manufacturing, commercial, and service companies, ownership variables, financing sources, and the growth of investment financed by banks. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that access to external financial resources through bank loans is an important factor influencing investment growth.
Divestiture of Banks’ Surplus Assets: Integrating Mechanism Design and Structured Finance Approach
The divestiture of banks’ surplus assets is one of the most critical issues in the country’s banking system, holding significant importance for resolving the imbalances within this sector of the economy. Various methods such as auctions and negotiations are commonly employed for the divestiture of banks’ surplus assets. These methods, however, can be enhanced and complemented by employing new capital market instruments such as call options, put options, real estate investment funds, project funds, and public joint-stock project companies. To ensure the effective utilization of these instruments, it is necessary to apply methods that uncover the price preferences of asset divestors (banks) and buyers (individual and institutional investors). To achieve this objective, this paper elaborates on how mechanism design methods can be employed. Furthermore, to harmonize the information between buyers and sellers regarding the actual return of the assets being divested, Monte Carlo simulation based on stochastic differential equations will be utilized.
The Role of Banks in Guiding Monetary Policies and Stabilizing the Interest Rate through the Interbank Market
In the Iranian economy, the main burden of financing households, business enterprises, and the government rests primarily on the banking system. The role of commercial banks in defining the ultimate objectives of monetary policy, implementing these policies, and incorporating their considerations in the context of banking interest rates must receive increasing attention. In this regard, the present article seeks to introduce and provide a framework and model for deepening and enhancing the effectiveness and role of the interbank market in improving the position of commercial banks within monetary policy. Accordingly, an up-to-date model tailored to the requirements and characteristics of the Iranian money and credit market will be introduced to influence banks through four channels: (1) improving the quality of interbank transactions and deepening the market to increase banking interactions, (2) directing the government to fully rely on borrowing from the banking system through bond issuance and moving away from indirect financing via state-owned banks, (3) enhancing the capacity of commercial banks to influence the central bank in safeguarding their interests (preventing the imposition of mandated interest rates inconsistent with the objectives and interests of commercial banks), and (4) strengthening the transmission effect of monetary policy and policy interest rate adjustments in the credit market. Improvement of the stated indicators across these four dimensions can contribute to reforming governance in commercial banks, enhancing their financial ratios, restructuring the relationship between commercial banks and the government, and increasing the effectiveness of banks in the implementation and execution of monetary policies.
Comparison between Foreign Direct Investment and Russian Sanctions on BRICS Exports and Imports
The objective of this research is to examine and compare the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) and Russian sanctions on the exports and imports of the BRICS group. For this purpose, using quarterly data from 2010 to 2023, the impact of the selected variables on the total exports and imports of the BRICS countries was estimated through the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach. The results of the study indicated that the trade condition variable in the previous period, which includes the total exports and imports, has a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable in the current period. Furthermore, based on the model estimation, the effective exchange rate variable exerts a positive and significant impact on trade conditions. The investment variable has a negative and significant effect on the dependent variable. The net export variable, defined as the difference between exports and imports of BRICS countries, has a positive and significant impact on the trade condition variable. The sanction variable, which in this study refers to the comprehensive sanctions imposed against Russia, shows that during the period 2014–2020 the sanctions had a negative and significant effect, whereas in the period 2021–2023 this negative effect became insignificant. Considering the results of the study, it can be concluded that the sanction variable had a more negative impact on the trade conditions of BRICS member countries compared to foreign direct investment. However, during the period in which Russia managed to overcome the sanctions, the negative effect of sanctions became insignificant.
Reforming the Financial Structure of Banks to Control Liquidity and Inflation
In recent years, the Iranian economy has faced serious challenges regarding the rise in liquidity and inflation, which have not only led to a decline in purchasing power and public welfare but also hindered sustainable economic growth. Banks, as financial institutions that play a crucial role in liquidity management and inflation control, have a significant impact on improving economic conditions. However, weaknesses in the financial structure and inefficiencies in banking policies often exacerbate these challenges. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of reforming the financial structure of banks on controlling liquidity and reducing inflation in the Iranian economy. The research method includes the analysis of banking statistical data, the examination of financial and economic indicators, and the testing of hypotheses through regression and correlation models. The findings indicate that reforming the financial structure of banks—particularly through enhancing transparency, improving risk management, and reducing reliance on short-term funding sources—can contribute to controlling liquidity and reducing inflation. Furthermore, the results highlight the critical role of banks in economic stabilization and the positive impact of financial reforms in creating the foundations for sustainable economic growth.
About the Journal
Economics and Financial Policymaking is a peer-reviewed, open-access scientific journal that publishes high-quality scholarly research in the fields of financial economics, fiscal policy, macroeconomic and microeconomic policymaking, and related financial and regulatory issues. Published quarterly, the journal serves as a platform for academics, researchers, and policymakers to share original contributions that promote evidence-based economic reforms and policymaking.
With a rigorous double-blind peer-review process and a strong editorial board composed of leading national and international scholars, the journal strives to ensure the publication of original, methodologically sound, and policy-relevant research. The journal invites submissions of theoretical, empirical, applied, and interdisciplinary studies that contribute to the advancement of financial policymaking discourse and practice.
Aims and Scope
The primary aim of Economics and Financial Policymaking is to expand the frontiers of knowledge in the areas of economic and financial policy by publishing cutting-edge research with practical and academic significance. The journal welcomes submissions in, but not limited to, the following areas:
- Fiscal policy formulation and evaluation at national and regional levels
- Interactions between monetary and fiscal policy
- Public finance, government expenditure, and tax policy
- Budget reforms, fiscal transparency, and accountability
- Financial governance and debt management
- Effects of sanctions and currency policies on fiscal outcomes
- Investment strategies for the public and private sectors
- International trade and financial policy coordination
- Performance-based budgeting and financial efficiency in the public sector
- Islamic financial systems and policy implications
Submissions must demonstrate originality, analytical rigor, and relevance for academic inquiry and policymaking practice. The journal also encourages interdisciplinary research that connects economics and finance with law, management, technology, or sociology.
Current Issue
Articles
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امکانسنجی مدیریت ریسک نکول ناشی از کژمنشی در عقود مبادلهای در شرایط اطلاعات نامتقارن با بهرهگیری از فناوری وب ۳
Mohammad Andalib * , احمد شعبانی -
هدایت سرمایهگذاری در صنایع پتروپالایشگاهی ایران: طراحی یک الگوی مطلوب با رویکرد بنچمارکینگ تطبیقی با کاربست نظری پتروپالایشگاه شهید سلیمانی
Amir Hossein Khorshidi Athar * , مهدی صادقی شاهدانی , داود منظور , محمدهادی زاهدی وفا