مروری سیستماتیک بر تأمین مالی کسبوکارهای کوچک و متوسط (SMEs) توسط بانکها: تجربه کشورهای جهان
کلمات کلیدی:
کسبوکارهای کوچک و متوسط, تأمین مالی بانکی, تجربه جهانی, مرور سیستماتیکچکیده
در ایران حدود 94 درصد بنگاههایی اقتصادی کشور را بنگاههایی کوچک و متوسط تشکیل میدهند. بنگاههایی کوچک و متوسط (SME) نهادهای محدود اقتصادی هستند که از طریق انباشت منابع مالی خرد، کارآفرینی و پیوند با صنایع، زمینههای توسعه اقتصادی را فراهم میآورند. این بنگاههای همچنین در رشد اقتصادی، اشتغال، تولید ثروت و کاهش فقر کشورها نقش حیاتی ایفا میکنند. با وجود نقش مهم SMEها در رشد اقتصادی، در اغلب کشورهای در حال توسعه این شرکتها نتوانستند در فرآیند رشد اقتصادی به طور مطلوبی ایفای نقش کنند. یكی از دلایل عمده عدم رشد SMEها در اغلب کشورهای در حال توسعه، عدم دسترسی به تأمین مالی و محدودیتهای شدید در دسترسی به نقدینگی است. با توجه به اهمیت این موضوع در این مطالعه مبتنی بر تجربه جهانی و بر اساس یک رویکرد مرور سیستماتیک به تحلیل تأمین مالی SMEها توسط بخش بانکی پرداخته شده است. در این مطالعه تعداد 215 پژوهش شناسایی شد که پس از غربالگری در نهایت 31 مطالعه مرتبط و باکیفیت قابلقبول طی سالهای 2010 تا 2024 گردآوری شد. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش میتوان استدلال کرد اندازه شرکت، سن شرکت، فساد، مکان شرکت، طرح تجاری، سطح اعتماد، سطح درآمد و سودآوری شرکت، طول سابقه روابط با بانک، تعداد مالکهای شرکت، زمینه فعالیت شرکت، شخصیت مدیران، سابقه اعتباری، نقدینگی بالا و دوره بازپرداخت، تطابق SMEها با تکنولوژی از عوامل تعیینکننده در بهبود دسترسی SMEها به اعتبارات و تسهیلات بانکی هستند.
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